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(or simply comprehension)

  • 1 listening comprehension

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > listening comprehension

  • 2 аудирование

    1) General subject: comprehension, listening comprehension (or simply comprehension), speech recognition
    2) Psychology: auding, audition
    3) Education: listening comprehension skills, listening (как аспект изучения иностранного языка, вид занятий)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > аудирование

  • 3 schlicht

    I Adj.
    1. (einfach) simple; (ohne Schmuck) plain; (anspruchslos) modest, unassuming, unpretentious; (ungekünstelt) artless, ingenuous; Tatsache, Wahrheit: plain; Sprache, Stil, Worte: unsophisticated, straightforward; schlichte Kleidung simple clothes; schlichte Eleganz simple elegance; schlichtes Essen plain food; (Mahlzeit) simple ( oder frugal) meal; schlichte Feier simple ceremony; schlichtes Gemüt simple ( oder naive) mentality; (Person) simple soul; schlichter Glaube simple faith; schlichte Menschen simple ( oder unsophisticated) people; schlichte Schönheit simple beauty; schlichtes Wesen simple nature; (Person) simple ( oder unsophisticated) person; in schlichten Verhältnissen leben be ( oder live) in modest circumstances
    2. schlicht und ergreifend umg., fig. not wonderful; ich fand es ziemlich schlicht umg., pej. I thought it was pretty basic
    II Adv.: das ist schlicht gelogen that is simply untrue; schlicht und einfach oder schlicht und ergreifend falsch / unsinnig umg. absolutely ( oder purely and simply) wrong / utter ( oder pure, sheer, absolute) nonsense; er hat, schlicht gesagt, keine Ahnung umg. to put it bluntly, he hasn’t a clue; ich hab’s schlicht und ergreifend vergessen umg. I clean ( oder just plain) forgot (it)
    * * *
    homebred; plain; artless; homespun; unostentatious; lowly; sober
    * * *
    schlịcht [ʃlɪçt]
    1. adj
    simple

    die schlichte Wahrheit/Tatsache — the plain or simple truth/fact

    2. adv
    1) (= einfach) simply
    2) (= glattweg) gelogen, erfunden simply; falsch simply, just; vergessen completely
    3)
    * * *
    1) ((of style in dress etc) very plain: a severe hairstyle.) severe
    2) (not fancy or unusual; plain: a simple dress/design; He leads a very simple life.) simple
    * * *
    [ʃlɪçt]
    I. adj
    1. (einfach) Einrichtung, Feier, Form, Kleidung, Mahlzeit simple, plain esp pej
    \schlichte Eleganz understated elegance
    in \schlichte Verhältnisse leben to live in modest circumstances
    2. (wenig gebildet) simple, unsophisticated
    3. attr (bloß) plain
    das ist eine \schlichte Tatsache it's a simple fact
    4.
    ▶ \schlicht um \schlicht handeln (geh) to barter
    II. part (ganz einfach) simply
    das ist \schlicht gelogen/falsch that's a barefaced lie/just plain wrong
    \schlicht und einfach (fam) [just] plain
    \schlicht und ergreifend (hum fam) plain and simple
    das ist \schlicht und ergreifend falsch! that's just plain wrong!
    * * *
    1.
    1) simple; plain, simple <pattern, furniture>
    2) (unkompliziert) simple, unsophisticated <person, view, etc.>
    2.
    adverbial simply; simply, plainly <dressed, furnished>

    schlicht und einfach — (ugs.) quite or just simply

    * * *
    A. adj
    1. (einfach) simple; (ohne Schmuck) plain; (anspruchslos) modest, unassuming, unpretentious; (ungekünstelt) artless, ingenuous; Tatsache, Wahrheit: plain; Sprache, Stil, Worte: unsophisticated, straightforward;
    schlichte Kleidung simple clothes;
    schlichte Eleganz simple elegance;
    schlichtes Essen plain food; (Mahlzeit) simple ( oder frugal) meal;
    schlichte Feier simple ceremony;
    schlichtes Gemüt simple ( oder naive) mentality; (Person) simple soul;
    schlichter Glaube simple faith;
    schlichte Menschen simple ( oder unsophisticated) people;
    schlichte Schönheit simple beauty;
    schlichtes Wesen simple nature; (Person) simple ( oder unsophisticated) person;
    in schlichten Verhältnissen leben be ( oder live) in modest circumstances
    2.
    schlicht und ergreifend umg, fig not wonderful;
    ich fand es ziemlich schlicht umg, pej I thought it was pretty basic
    B. adv:
    das ist schlicht gelogen that is simply untrue;
    schlicht und ergreifend falsch/unsinnig umg absolutely ( oder purely and simply) wrong/utter ( oder pure, sheer, absolute) nonsense;
    er hat, schlicht gesagt, keine Ahnung umg to put it bluntly, he hasn’t a clue;
    ich hab’s schlicht und ergreifend vergessen umg I clean ( oder just plain) forgot (it)
    * * *
    1.
    1) simple; plain, simple <pattern, furniture>
    2) (unkompliziert) simple, unsophisticated <person, view, etc.>
    2.
    adverbial simply; simply, plainly <dressed, furnished>

    schlicht und einfach — (ugs.) quite or just simply

    * * *
    adj.
    artless adj.
    homespun adj.
    unostentatious adj. adv.
    artlessly adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > schlicht

  • 4 rival

    adj.
    rival.
    f. & m.
    rival, challenger, contender, competitor.
    * * *
    1 rival
    1 rival
    * * *
    noun adj.
    * * *
    1.
    ADJ rival, competing
    2.
    SMF rival, competitor
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo rival (before n)
    II
    masculino y femenino rival
    * * *
    = challenger, rival, rivalrous, rival, competing.
    Ex. They simply must find new ways of storing and retrieving that information more rapidly and more concisely in ways that can compete with the commercial challengers.
    Ex. The published abstracting and indexing journal probably still retains its prominence, despite competition from its more fashionable rivals.
    Ex. Deregulation compelled the energy utility business to restructure its inwardly directed culture and its overgrown and rivalrous internal services function.
    Ex. For any concept of human rights to be universally accepted, equal respect and mutual comprehension between rival cultures is demanded.
    Ex. This article identifies predominant worldview and competing schools of thought regarding the teaching of reference work.
    ----
    * enfrentamiento entre rivales = grudge fight, grudge match, local derby.
    * no tener rival = be second to none.
    * partido entre equipos rivales = local derby.
    * rival acérrimo = arch-rival [archrival].
    * * *
    I
    adjetivo rival (before n)
    II
    masculino y femenino rival
    * * *
    = challenger, rival, rivalrous, rival, competing.

    Ex: They simply must find new ways of storing and retrieving that information more rapidly and more concisely in ways that can compete with the commercial challengers.

    Ex: The published abstracting and indexing journal probably still retains its prominence, despite competition from its more fashionable rivals.
    Ex: Deregulation compelled the energy utility business to restructure its inwardly directed culture and its overgrown and rivalrous internal services function.
    Ex: For any concept of human rights to be universally accepted, equal respect and mutual comprehension between rival cultures is demanded.
    Ex: This article identifies predominant worldview and competing schools of thought regarding the teaching of reference work.
    * enfrentamiento entre rivales = grudge fight, grudge match, local derby.
    * no tener rival = be second to none.
    * partido entre equipos rivales = local derby.
    * rival acérrimo = arch-rival [archrival].

    * * *
    rival ( before n)
    rival
    tiene un estilo sin rival his style is unrivaled
    * * *

    rival adjetivo
    rival ( before n)
    ■ sustantivo masculino y femenino
    rival;

    rival adjetivo & mf rival: contando cuentos no tiene rival, she's unrivaled in the art of storytelling

    ' rival' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    altura
    - contraria
    - contrario
    - contrincante
    - rivalizar
    - submarina
    - submarino
    - aplastar
    - barrer
    - batir
    - competidor
    - competir
    - enfrentar
    - vencer
    English:
    rival
    - scoop
    - scuffle
    - unrivaled
    - unrivalled
    - challenger
    - competitor
    - dispose of
    - great
    - hold
    - muscle
    - opponent
    - oust
    - segregate
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    rival
    ♦ nmf
    rival
    * * *
    m/f rival;
    no tener rival be unrivaled o Br unrivalled
    * * *
    rival adj & nmf
    competidor: rival
    * * *
    rival adj n rival

    Spanish-English dictionary > rival

  • 5 Г-228

    HE УКЛАДЫВАЕТСЯ (HE УМЕЩАЕТСЯ rare) В ГОЛОВЕ (чьей, у кого) (В СОЗНАНИИ (чьём, у кого)) VP
    1. ( subj: a clause, это, or abstr. ( usu. мысль о том, что...)
    if subj is a clause, it usu. follows the idiom usu. impfv pres or past affirm with the opposite meaning is rare) ( sth. is) unacceptable, incomprehensible (used to express s.o. 's inability to understand the logic of sth., unwillingness to accept some fact as true etc)
    X не укладывается у Y-a в голове = X is beyond Y
    Y cannot fathom
    understand, comprehend) X
    Y finds it difficult to accept X (in limited contexts) Y just (simply) cannot believe X.
    ...Одно только никак не укладывалось у Лёши в голове -зачем отцу нужно было выводить из строя эту самую печь? Неужели он думал, что вместе с этой печью рухнет все советское государство? (Войнович 2)... There was just one thing Lyosha found difficult to accept-why had his father wanted to put that particular furnace out of commission? Could he really have thought the loss of this one furnace would cause the entire Soviet state to collapse? (2a).
    (author's usage) В Калинине я прожила до самой эвакуации, почти два года, и никто меня не тронул, хотя в моем деле лежал неиспользованный ордер на мой арест... В ее (Татьяны Васильевны) голове не могло уложиться, что «они» (чекисты) хотели кого-то взять и не взяли, потому что не нашли... (Мандельштам 1). I lived in Kalinin nearly two years-right till the evacuation after the war broke out—and I was left alone, even though the warrant for my arrest must still have been lying, unused, in my file....She (Tatiana Vasilievna) just could not believe that "they" (the Chekists) would ever fail to arrest anyone they were after, and that I had escaped because I had not been there when they came (1a).
    2. coll
    subj: это, often omitted neg impfv only used as Interj) used to express indignation, incredulity, incomprehension etc
    it's (that's) beyond me (my comprehension)!
    it's (that's) beyond belief! it's (that's) incredible (unbelievable, unthinkable, outrageous)!
    «Это не укладывается в голове! - воскликнула Лена, изумленно вертя в руках газету. - Это чёрным по белому и всерьез... После всех... философий, великих наук и литератур открыто наконец, что чрезмерное образование - зло» (Кузнецов 1). "It's incredible!" Lena exclaimed, bewildered, twisting the newspaper in her hands. "Here it is in black and white, in all seriousness. After..all the philosophers, the great scientists and writers, it is finally discovered that too much education is an evil" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Г-228

  • 6 не укладывается в голове

    • НЕ УКЛАДЫВАЕТСЯ < НЕ УМЕЩАЕТСЯ rare> В ГОЛОВЕ (чьей, у кого) <В СОЗНАНИИ (чьём, у кого)>
    [VP]
    =====
    1. [subj: a clause, это, or abstr. (usu. мысль о том, что...); if subj is a clause, it usu. follows the idiom; usu. impfv pres or past; affirm with the opposite meaning is rare]
    ⇒ (sth. is) unacceptable, incomprehensible (used to express s.o.'s inability to understand the logic of sth., unwillingness to accept some fact as true etc):
    - X не укладывается у Y-а в голове≈ X is beyond Y < Y's comprehension>;
    - Y cannot fathom <understand, comprehend> X;
    - [in limited contexts] Y just (simply) cannot believe X.
         ♦...Одно только никак не укладывалось у Лёши в голове - зачем отцу нужно было выводить из строя эту самую печь? Неужели он думал, что вместе с этой печью рухнет все советское государство? (Войнович 2)....There was just one thing Lyosha found difficult to accept-why had his father wanted to put that particular furnace out of commission? Could he really have thought the loss of this one furnace would cause the entire Soviet state to collapse? (2a).
         ♦ [author's usage] В Калинине я прожила до самой эвакуации, почти два года, и никто меня не тронул, хотя в моем деле лежал неиспользованный ордер на мой арест... В ее [Татьяны Васильевны] голове не могло уложиться, что "они" [чекисты] хотели кого-то взять и не взяли, потому что не нашли... (Мандельштам 1). I lived in Kalinin nearly two years - right till the evacuation after the war broke out - and I was left alone, even though the warrant for my arrest must still have been lying, unused, in my file....She [Tatiana Vasilievna] just could not believe that "they" [the Chekists] would ever fail to arrest anyone they were after, and that I had escaped because I had not been there when they came (1a).
    2. coll [subj: это, often omitted; neg impfv only; used as Interj]
    ⇒ used to express indignation, incredulity, incomprehension etc:
    - it's (that's) beyond me (my comprehension)!;
    - ift (that's) beyond belief!;
    - it's (thatis) incredible (unbelievable, unthinkable, outrageous)!
         ♦ "Это не укладывается в голове! - воскликнула Лена, изумленно вертя в руках газету. - Это чёрным по белому и всерьез... После всех... философий, великих наук и литератур открыто наконец, что чрезмерное образование - зло" (Кузнецов 1). "It's incredible!" Lena exclaimed, bewildered, twisting the newspaper in her hands. "Here it is in black and white, in all seriousness. After..all the philosophers, the great scientists and writers, it is finally discovered that too much education is an evil" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не укладывается в голове

  • 7 не укладывается в сознании

    • НЕ УКЛАДЫВАЕТСЯ < НЕ УМЕЩАЕТСЯ rare> В ГОЛОВЕ (чьей, у кого) <В СОЗНАНИИ (чьём, у кого)>
    [VP]
    =====
    1. [subj: a clause, это, or abstr. (usu. мысль о том, что...); if subj is a clause, it usu. follows the idiom; usu. impfv pres or past; affirm with the opposite meaning is rare]
    ⇒ (sth. is) unacceptable, incomprehensible (used to express s.o.'s inability to understand the logic of sth., unwillingness to accept some fact as true etc):
    - X не укладывается у Y-а в голове≈ X is beyond Y < Y's comprehension>;
    - Y cannot fathom <understand, comprehend> X;
    - [in limited contexts] Y just (simply) cannot believe X.
         ♦...Одно только никак не укладывалось у Лёши в голове - зачем отцу нужно было выводить из строя эту самую печь? Неужели он думал, что вместе с этой печью рухнет все советское государство? (Войнович 2)....There was just one thing Lyosha found difficult to accept-why had his father wanted to put that particular furnace out of commission? Could he really have thought the loss of this one furnace would cause the entire Soviet state to collapse? (2a).
         ♦ [author's usage] В Калинине я прожила до самой эвакуации, почти два года, и никто меня не тронул, хотя в моем деле лежал неиспользованный ордер на мой арест... В ее [Татьяны Васильевны] голове не могло уложиться, что "они" [чекисты] хотели кого-то взять и не взяли, потому что не нашли... (Мандельштам 1). I lived in Kalinin nearly two years - right till the evacuation after the war broke out - and I was left alone, even though the warrant for my arrest must still have been lying, unused, in my file....She [Tatiana Vasilievna] just could not believe that "they" [the Chekists] would ever fail to arrest anyone they were after, and that I had escaped because I had not been there when they came (1a).
    2. coll [subj: это, often omitted; neg impfv only; used as Interj]
    ⇒ used to express indignation, incredulity, incomprehension etc:
    - it's (that's) beyond me (my comprehension)!;
    - ift (that's) beyond belief!;
    - it's (thatis) incredible (unbelievable, unthinkable, outrageous)!
         ♦ "Это не укладывается в голове! - воскликнула Лена, изумленно вертя в руках газету. - Это чёрным по белому и всерьез... После всех... философий, великих наук и литератур открыто наконец, что чрезмерное образование - зло" (Кузнецов 1). "It's incredible!" Lena exclaimed, bewildered, twisting the newspaper in her hands. "Here it is in black and white, in all seriousness. After..all the philosophers, the great scientists and writers, it is finally discovered that too much education is an evil" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не укладывается в сознании

  • 8 не умещается в голове

    • НЕ УКЛАДЫВАЕТСЯ < НЕ УМЕЩАЕТСЯ rare> В ГОЛОВЕ (чьей, у кого) <В СОЗНАНИИ (чьём, у кого)>
    [VP]
    =====
    1. [subj: a clause, это, or abstr. (usu. мысль о том, что...); if subj is a clause, it usu. follows the idiom; usu. impfv pres or past; affirm with the opposite meaning is rare]
    ⇒ (sth. is) unacceptable, incomprehensible (used to express s.o.'s inability to understand the logic of sth., unwillingness to accept some fact as true etc):
    - X не укладывается у Y-а в голове≈ X is beyond Y < Y's comprehension>;
    - Y cannot fathom <understand, comprehend> X;
    - [in limited contexts] Y just (simply) cannot believe X.
         ♦...Одно только никак не укладывалось у Лёши в голове - зачем отцу нужно было выводить из строя эту самую печь? Неужели он думал, что вместе с этой печью рухнет все советское государство? (Войнович 2)....There was just one thing Lyosha found difficult to accept-why had his father wanted to put that particular furnace out of commission? Could he really have thought the loss of this one furnace would cause the entire Soviet state to collapse? (2a).
         ♦ [author's usage] В Калинине я прожила до самой эвакуации, почти два года, и никто меня не тронул, хотя в моем деле лежал неиспользованный ордер на мой арест... В ее [Татьяны Васильевны] голове не могло уложиться, что "они" [чекисты] хотели кого-то взять и не взяли, потому что не нашли... (Мандельштам 1). I lived in Kalinin nearly two years - right till the evacuation after the war broke out - and I was left alone, even though the warrant for my arrest must still have been lying, unused, in my file....She [Tatiana Vasilievna] just could not believe that "they" [the Chekists] would ever fail to arrest anyone they were after, and that I had escaped because I had not been there when they came (1a).
    2. coll [subj: это, often omitted; neg impfv only; used as Interj]
    ⇒ used to express indignation, incredulity, incomprehension etc:
    - it's (that's) beyond me (my comprehension)!;
    - ift (that's) beyond belief!;
    - it's (thatis) incredible (unbelievable, unthinkable, outrageous)!
         ♦ "Это не укладывается в голове! - воскликнула Лена, изумленно вертя в руках газету. - Это чёрным по белому и всерьез... После всех... философий, великих наук и литератур открыто наконец, что чрезмерное образование - зло" (Кузнецов 1). "It's incredible!" Lena exclaimed, bewildered, twisting the newspaper in her hands. "Here it is in black and white, in all seriousness. After..all the philosophers, the great scientists and writers, it is finally discovered that too much education is an evil" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не умещается в голове

  • 9 не умещается в сознании

    • НЕ УКЛАДЫВАЕТСЯ < НЕ УМЕЩАЕТСЯ rare> В ГОЛОВЕ (чьей, у кого) <В СОЗНАНИИ (чьём, у кого)>
    [VP]
    =====
    1. [subj: a clause, это, or abstr. (usu. мысль о том, что...); if subj is a clause, it usu. follows the idiom; usu. impfv pres or past; affirm with the opposite meaning is rare]
    ⇒ (sth. is) unacceptable, incomprehensible (used to express s.o.'s inability to understand the logic of sth., unwillingness to accept some fact as true etc):
    - X не укладывается у Y-а в голове≈ X is beyond Y < Y's comprehension>;
    - Y cannot fathom <understand, comprehend> X;
    - [in limited contexts] Y just (simply) cannot believe X.
         ♦...Одно только никак не укладывалось у Лёши в голове - зачем отцу нужно было выводить из строя эту самую печь? Неужели он думал, что вместе с этой печью рухнет все советское государство? (Войнович 2)....There was just one thing Lyosha found difficult to accept-why had his father wanted to put that particular furnace out of commission? Could he really have thought the loss of this one furnace would cause the entire Soviet state to collapse? (2a).
         ♦ [author's usage] В Калинине я прожила до самой эвакуации, почти два года, и никто меня не тронул, хотя в моем деле лежал неиспользованный ордер на мой арест... В ее [Татьяны Васильевны] голове не могло уложиться, что "они" [чекисты] хотели кого-то взять и не взяли, потому что не нашли... (Мандельштам 1). I lived in Kalinin nearly two years - right till the evacuation after the war broke out - and I was left alone, even though the warrant for my arrest must still have been lying, unused, in my file....She [Tatiana Vasilievna] just could not believe that "they" [the Chekists] would ever fail to arrest anyone they were after, and that I had escaped because I had not been there when they came (1a).
    2. coll [subj: это, often omitted; neg impfv only; used as Interj]
    ⇒ used to express indignation, incredulity, incomprehension etc:
    - it's (that's) beyond me (my comprehension)!;
    - ift (that's) beyond belief!;
    - it's (thatis) incredible (unbelievable, unthinkable, outrageous)!
         ♦ "Это не укладывается в голове! - воскликнула Лена, изумленно вертя в руках газету. - Это чёрным по белому и всерьез... После всех... философий, великих наук и литератур открыто наконец, что чрезмерное образование - зло" (Кузнецов 1). "It's incredible!" Lena exclaimed, bewildered, twisting the newspaper in her hands. "Here it is in black and white, in all seriousness. After..all the philosophers, the great scientists and writers, it is finally discovered that too much education is an evil" (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > не умещается в сознании

  • 10 μυστήριον

    μυστήριον, ου, τό ‘secret, secret rite, secret teaching, mystery’ a relig. t.t. (predom. pl.) applied in the Gr-Rom. world mostly to the mysteries w. their secret teachings, relig. and political in nature, concealed within many strange customs and ceremonies. The principal rites remain unknown because of a reluctance in antiquity to divulge them (Trag.+; Hdt. 2, 51, 2; Diod S 1, 29, 3; 3, 63, 2; Socrat., Ep. 27, 3; Cornutus 28 p. 56, 22; 57, 4; Alciphron 3, 26, 1; OGI 331, 54; 528, 13; 721, 2, SIG s. index; Sb 7567, 9 [III A.D.]; PGM 1, 131; 4, 719ff; 2477 τὰ ἱερὰ μ. ἀνθρώποις εἰς γνῶσιν; 5, 110; 12, 331; 13, 128 τὸ μυστήριον τοῦ θεοῦ. Only the perfected gnostic is τῶν μυστηρίων ἀκροατής Hippol., Ref. 5, 8, 29.—OKern, D. griech. Mysterien d. klass. Zeit 1927; WOtto, D. Sinn der eleusin. Myst. ’40; MNilsson, The Dionysiac Mysteries of the Hell. and Rom. Age, ’57; Kl. Pauly III 1533–42; WBurkert, Antike Mysterien ’90). Also LXX and other versions of the OT use the word, as well as En (of the heavenly secret) and numerous pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph. (C. Ap. 2, 189, 266), apolog. (exc. Ar.); it is a loanw. in rabb. Our lit. uses μ. in ref. to the transcendent activity of God and its impact on God’s people.
    ① the unmanifested or private counsel of God, (God’s) secret, the secret thoughts, plans, and dispensations of God (SJCh 78, 9; τὸ μ. τῆς μοναρχίας τῆς κατὰ τὸν θεόν Theoph. Ant. 2, 28 [p. 166, 17]) which are hidden fr. human reason, as well as fr. all other comprehension below the divine level, and await either fulfillment or revelation to those for whom they are intended (the divine Logos as διδάσκαλος θείων μυστηρίων Orig., C. Cels. 3, 62, 9: the constellations as δεῖγμα καὶ τύπον … μεγάλου μυστηρίου Hippol. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 7]; Abraham is τῶν θείων … μέτοχος μυστηρίων Did., Gen. 213, 20).
    ⓐ In the gospels μ. is found only in one context, where Jesus says to the disciples who have asked for an explanation of the parable(s) ὑμῖν τὸ μυστήριον δέδοται τῆς βασιλείας τ. θεοῦ Mk 4:11; the synopt. parallels have the pl. Mt 13:11 (LCerfaux, NTS 2, ’55/56, 238–49); Lk 8:10.—WWrede, D. Messiasgeh. in den Evv. 1901; HEbeling, D. Messiasgeh. u. d. Botschaft des Mc-Evangelisten ’39; NJohansson, SvTK 16, ’40, 3–38; OPiper, Interpretation 1, ’47, 183–200; RArida, St Vladimar Theol. Qtly 38, ’94, 211–34 (patristic exegesis Mk 4:10–12 par.).
    ⓑ The Pauline lit. has μ. in 21 places. A secret or mystery, too profound for human ingenuity, is God’s reason for the partial hardening of Israel’s heart Ro 11:25 or the transformation of the surviving Christians at the Parousia 1 Cor 15:51. Even Christ, who was understood by so few, is God’s secret or mystery Col 2:2, hidden ages ago 1:26 (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 16 τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ κεκρυμμένον μυστήριον μέχρι τῆσδε τῆς ἡμέρας), but now gloriously revealed among the gentiles vs. 27, to whom the secret of Christ, i.e. his relevance for them, is proclaimed, 4:3 (CMitton, ET 60, ’48/49, 320f). Cp. Ro 16:25; 1 Cor 2:1 (cp. Just., D. 91, 1; 131, 2 al. μ. τοῦ σταυροῦ; 74, 3 τὸ σωτήριον τοῦτο μ., τοῦτʼ ἔστι τὸ πάθος τοῦ χριστοῦ). The pl. is used to denote Christian preaching by the apostles and teachers in the expr. οἰκονόμοι μυστηρίων θεοῦ 1 Cor 4:1 (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 23, 104 calls the teachings of Pyth. θεῖα μυστήρια). Not all Christians are capable of understanding all the mysteries. The one who speaks in tongues πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια utters secret truths in the Spirit which the person alone shares w. God, and which others, even Christians, do not understand 1 Cor 14:2. Therefore the possession of all mysteries is a great joy 13:2 (Just., D. 44, 2). And the spirit-filled apostle can say of the highest stage of Christian knowledge, revealed only to the τέλειοι: λαλοῦμεν θεοῦ σοφίαν ἐν μυστηρίῳ we impart the wisdom of God in the form of a mystery (ἐν μυστηρίῳ=in a mysterious manner [Laud. Therap. 11] or =secretly, so that no unauthorized person would learn of it [cp. Cyr. of Scyth. p. 90, 14 ἐν μυστηρίῳ λέγει]) 2:7 (AKlöpper, ZWT 47, 1905, 525–45).—Eph, for which (as well as for Col) μ. is a predominant concept, sees the μ. τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ (sc. θεοῦ) 1:9 or μ. τ. Χριστοῦ 3:4 or μ. τ. εὐαγγελίου 6:19 in acceptance of the gentiles as Christians 3:3ff, 9ff. A unique great mystery is revealed 5:32, where the relation betw. Christ and the Christian community or church is spoken of on the basis of Gen 2:24 (cp. the interpretation of the sun as symbol of God, Theoph. Ant. 2, 15 [p. 138, 8], and s. WKnox, St. Paul and the Church of the Gentiles, ’39, 183f; 227f; WBieder, TZ 11, ’55, 329–43).
    ⓒ In Rv μ. is used in ref. to the mysterious things portrayed there. The whole content of the book appears as τὸ μ. τοῦ θεοῦ 10:7. Also τὸ μ. τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀστέρων 1:20; τὸ μ. τῆς γυναικός 17:7, cp. vs. 5, where in each case μ. may mean allegorical significance (so BEaston, Pastoral Epistles ’47, 215).
    ② that which transcends normal understanding, transcendent/ultimate reality, secret, with focus on Israelite/Christian experience.
    ⓐ 1 Ti uses μ. as a formula: τὸ μ. τῆς πίστεως is simply faith 3:9. τὸ τ. εὐσεβείας μ. the secret of (our) piety vs. 16.—τὸ μ. τῆς ἀνομίας 2 Th 2:7 s. ἀνομία 1 (Jos., Bell. 1, 470 calls the life of Antipater κακίας μυστήριον because of his baseness practiced in secret. Cp. also SibOr 8, 58 τὰ πλάνης μυστήρια; 56).—PFurfey, CBQ 8, ’46, 179–91.
    ⓑ in Ign.: the death and resurrection of Jesus as μ. IMg 9:1 (τὸ περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως μ. Orig., C. Cels. 1, 7, 9). The virginity of Mary, her childbearing, and the Lord’s death are called τρία μ. κραυγῆς three mysteries (to be) loudly proclaimed IEph 19:1 (they are mysteries because they go so contrary to human expectation). So also of the annunciation to Mary and her conception GJs 12:2f. The deacons are οἱ διάκονοι μυστηρίων Ἰ. Χρ. ITr 2:3.
    ⓒ Quite difficult is the saying about the tried and true prophet ποιῶν εἰς μυστήριον κοσμικὸν ἐκκλησίας who acts in accord with the earthly mystery of (God’s) assembly D 11:11. This may refer to celibacy; the prophet lives in such a way as to correspond to the relation betw. Christ and the people of God; cp. Eph 5:32 (so Harnack, TU II 1; 2, 1884, 44ff; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen d. Geistes u. der Geister 1899, 131–38; PDrews, Hdb. z. d. ntl. Apokryphen 1904, 274ff; RKnopf, Hdb. ad loc.—Differently CTaylor, The Teaching of the Twelve Apost. 1886, 82–92; RHarris, The Teaching of the Ap. 1887; FFunk, Patr. Apostol.2 1901 ad loc.; Zahn, Forschungen III 1884, 301).
    ⓓ μ. occurs oft. in Dg: τὸ τῆς θεοσεβείας μ. the secret of (our) piety 4:6 (what Dg means by μ. is detailed in ch. 5). Likew. of Christian teaching (cp. Ps.-Phocyl. 229 and comments by Horst 260–61) πατρὸς μυστήρια 11:2; cp. vs. 5. Hence the Christian can μυστήρια θεοῦ λαλεῖν 10:7. In contrast to ἀνθρώπινα μ. 7:1. οὗ (sc. τ. θεοῦ) τὰ μυστήρια whose secret counsels 7:2 (the divine will for orderly management of the universe). Of God keeping personal counsel κατεῖχεν ἐν μυστηρίῳ … τὴν σοφὴν αὐτοῦ βουλήν 8:10.—Lghtf., St. Paul’s Ep. to the Col. and Phlm. p. 167ff; JRobinson, St. Paul’s Ep. to the Eph. 1904, 234ff; GWobbermin, Religionsgesch. Studien 1896, 144ff; EHatch, Essays on Bibl. Gk. 1889, 57ff; HvSoden, ZNW 12, 1911, 188ff; TFoster, AJT 19, 1915, 402–15; OCasel, D. Liturgie als Mysterienfeier5 1923; JSchneider, ‘Mysterion’ im NT: StKr 104, ’32, 255–78; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi ’37; KPrümm, ‘Mysterion’ v. Pls bis Orig.: ZKT 61, ’37, 391–425, Biblica 37, ’56, 135–61; RBrown, The Semitic Background of ‘Mystery’ in the NT, ’68; cp. KKuhn, NTS 7, 61, 366 for Qumran parallels to various passages in Eph and Ro; ABöhlig, Mysterion u. Wahrheit, ’68, 3–40; JFruytier, Het woord M. in de catechesen van Cyrillus van Jerusalem, ’50; ANock, Hellenistic Mysteries and Christian Sacraments, Essays on Religion and the Ancient World II, ’72, 790–820; AHarvey, The Use of Mystery Language in the Bible: JTS 31, ’80, 320–36.—DELG s.v. μύω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > μυστήριον

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